http://cr.iribresearch.ir/ Communication Research en daily 1 Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0330 http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737596.html The present study aims to identify the challenges, contexts, and opportunities of employment relations based on elite attraction in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) organization. The digital age and rapid technological transformation have confronted public media organizations with the necessity of attracting and retaining top talents; however, the traditional and bureaucratic structures governing these organizations often fail to provide a suitable context for elite flourishing. This research was conducted within the interpretive paradigm using a qualitative and exploratory approach. Data were collected through systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with 20 theoretical and experiential experts. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and the interview process continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis with the assistance of MAXQDA software. The findings revealed that IRIB faces three major categories of challenges: structural-bureaucratic challenges, cultural-motivational challenges (dominance of personal relationships over meritocracy, lack of accountability culture, neglect of ideas and opinions), and communication-network challenges. In contrast, effective contexts for elite attraction were identified in four categories: cultural-value contexts, educational-developmental contexts, structural-managerial contexts, and communication-network contexts. Furthermore, the opportunities facing the organization include clear career paths, support for elites' personal goals, participation in challenging and research projects, involvement in strategic decision-making, encouraging out-of-the-box thinking, utilizing digital capacities, and interaction with internal and external stakeholders. The findings indicate that transitioning from traditional and hierarchical structures toward an agile, transparent, and learning organization is essential for achieving sustainable and effective employment relations with elites. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737475.html With the emergence of development communication since the 1960s, the media have been recognized as influential actors in explaining, facilitating participation in, and advancing development processes. In Iran, the national broadcaster has assumed a central role in the representation of development-related news. The question of “What mentalities exist regarding development communication and development news within the IRIB News Agency, and how do its news professionals evaluate the current state of development news in the country?” becomes salient. To address this question, this study employed Q methodology and was conducted in several stages. First, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with economic desk editors and senior managers at the IRIB News Agency, and the resulting data were coded and analyzed. Subsequently, from than 450 initial categories, 36 unique statements were extracted and presented to editors, senior editors, and managers for Q-sorting. Factor analysis was performed using SPSS, and through the typology of responses, four dominant mentalities were identified.The findings of the study indicate the existence of four prevailing mentalities toward development news at the IRIB News Agency: critical accountability and monitoring, instrumental explanatory orientation, indigenous indicator-based orientation, and people-centered simplification. Moreover, the results show that these mentalities converge along four shared dimensions: the absence of a clear consensus on the localization of development news; the use of repetitive development-related news as a mechanism for follow-up and discourse construction; the limited importance attributed to news background and contextualization; and the perceived necessity of simplifying development news through visual formats. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737471.html AbstractThe rapid growth of social media and the transformation of audiences’ media consumption patterns have posed a serious challenge of audience decline for traditional news organizations, including the News Division of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB). Despite its structural advantages and institutional credibility, IRIB News has largely adopted a passive and reactive approach toward social media. This study aims to identify the barriers to effective interaction between IRIB News and social media platforms and to propose strategies for fostering synergy and developing a “value network.” In terms of purpose, the research is applied-developmental, while methodologically it is exploratory in nature. A qualitative research approach was employed, using content analysis of upstream policy documents and semi-structured interviews with experts in journalism and media. The collected data were analyzed through thematic analysis using a three-stage coding process.The findings revealed that the main barriers exist at three levels: structural, including inadequate interactive infrastructure, restrictive administrative regulations, and the absence of an independent social media governance unit; content-related, including one-way news dissemination, the lack of multimedia storytelling, and insufficient production of platform-specific content for social media; and cultural and human resource-related, including resistance to organizational change, inadequate staff training, and concerns that social media engagement could undermine the authority of the national broadcaster.The proposed strategies for creating synergy include redefining the role of news personnel as “professional citizen journalists,” designing an integrated content-sharing system, establishing real-time audience feedback mechanisms, and leveraging user-generated content through participatory production. Furthermore, the prerequisites for developing a value network include greater transparency in news redistribution processes, mechanisms for verifying user-generated content, and operational agreements with domestic social media and messaging platforms.The findings indicate that transforming IRIB News from a passive to an active and interactive communication model requires overcoming these multi-layered barriers and designing practical mechanisms for collaboration and synergy. Without establishing a value network in which audiences serve not only as consumers but also as producers and distributors of news through social media, effective interaction cannot be achieved. Implementing the proposed strategies can help reduce audience attrition while strengthening the social capital of the national broadcaster. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737472.html This study investigates the reflection of the twelve-day war between Iran and Israel ‎on Persian-language social media and its implications for the Islamic Republic’s media ‎policy. Drawing on networked public sphere theory and Castells’ concept of network ‎power, the research shows that contemporary conflicts unfold more in narratives and ‎public perceptions than on the military front. The dataset includes roughly 2,000 ‎popular posts from X, Instagram, Telegram, and Eitaa between June 13 and June 30, ‎analyzed through a mixed quantitative–qualitative approach. Findings reveal that ‎Telegram and Eitaa generated the most content, while Instagram and X attracted the ‎highest engagement. On X, users were predominantly politically active and opposed to ‎the Iranian government, with critical narratives dominating. Instagram exhibited anti-‎Iran bias due to content removal, though foreign users partially moderated narratives ‎with humanitarian perspectives. Telegram primarily served a news function, while Eitaa ‎acted as a channel for official narratives, albeit with limited analytical depth. Key ‎themes included military attacks, narrative warfare and misinformation, global ‎reactions, security analyses, and cyber operations. Opinion analysis indicated that ‎foreign users were supportive of Iranians, whereas Iranian users focused more on ‎political concerns and polarization. Despite Iran’s on-the-ground advantages, it faced ‎challenges in shaping Persian-language narratives due to opposition dominance, weak ‎engaging content, and lack of coordinated storytelling. The study concludes with ‎strategic recommendations, including people-centered media policy redesign, ‎strengthening global media diplomacy, improving domestic media performance, ‎intelligent information management, and establishing a national crisis narrative center.‎ http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737474.html This research analyzes the complex between the development of the “National Intelligence Network” as a digital governance strategy and “freedom of expression” as a fundamental right in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main issue of the research is the existence of a theoretical and practical gap in how to align the technical, security, and economic goals of the National Intelligence Network with the guarantee of freedom of expression enshrined in Article 24 of the Constitution (Publications and the press are free to express their views, unless they violate the principles of Islam or public law). Using a comparative-analytical research method, this article examines the experiences of other countries in managing this challenge. The goal is to extract lessons for policymaking in Iran, not to prescribe a specific model. The findings show that the success of the National Intelligence Network does not depend solely on technical progress, but also requires the development of a transparent legal framework, the establishment of multifaceted regulatory institutions, and the adoption of an opportunity-oriented approach rather than a restriction-oriented approach. By providing an analytical framework for assessing opportunities and threats, this research offers practical suggestions for policymaking that can help reduce existing tensions and increase public trust in this national project. The findings show that the success of the National Information Network depends on its ability to create a new “digital social contract” between the government and citizens; a contract based on trust, transparency, and mutual respect for rights and responsibilities. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737473.html The aim of this study was to design a model for the development of communication literacy in elementary school students. To present this model , a qualitative method of grounded theory based on the Strauss and Corbin approach was used. The research population consisted of specialists in the fields of educational sciences, psychology, and child counseling who were familiar with elementary schools. Among them, 20 people were selected as theoretical sampling to conduct in-depth, informal and semi-structured interviews. The validation of the findings was examined and evaluated in several stages by carefully selecting the questions and conducting three pilot interviews with experts, specialists, and those proficient in qualitative research. Three stages of coding, "open, axial and selective", were used to analyze the data, the results of which indicate (965) primary concepts, 48 subcategories and 18main categories. Accordingly, the results, within the framework of the paradigmatic model, namely causal causes in 4 categories; "intrapersonal factors, interpersonal factors, organizational and family factors", the main phenomenon of the category "development of communication literacy", strategies in 3 categories; "Educational, organizational and social", background conditions in 4 categories; "Awareness, skills development, interaction opportunities and organizational communications", environmental conditions in 5 categories; "Social environment, cultural environment, economic factors, political factors, environmental factors" and consequences in 2 categories; "Individual and social development and community development" were discovered. Integrating categories based on the relationships between them, around the development of communicative literacy, forms a conceptual model that shows the development pattern of communicative literacy in elementary school students. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737597.html This study examines patterns of using the scientific variety of Persian in medical discourse produced across different media formats. The main objective is to identify linguistic orientation and the extent of non-Persian lexical influence in the mindset of producers of scientific discourse, addressing whether health-related scientific discourse is Persian-centered or reflects a genuine form of diglossia. The statistical population consists of five textual corpora extracted from documentary and live television programs in the health domain. The research adopts a mixed qualitative–quantitative corpus-based approach, analyzing Persian and non-Persian specialized terms in terms of frequency, type diversity, and distribution. The theoretical framework is grounded in the concepts of diglossia and linguistic orientation to investigate how specialized vocabulary is represented and functionally distributed. This framework enables a simultaneous assessment of Persianization and non-Persian lexical presence in media-based scientific production. Data analysis was conducted using statistical indicators including mean, standard deviation, outlier capping, and the likelihood ratio test (G²). The findings indicate heterogeneous linguistic patterns across the corpora. While some discourses appear relatively Persian-oriented, others demonstrate features of functional Persian–non-Persian diglossia, where non-Persian technical terms play a structurally significant role rather than remaining limited to a few high-frequency items. Multilayered analysis of frequency, lexical diversity, and specialization shows that linguistic orientation emerges from the interaction of these factors, with media format and production context exerting a measurable influence. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737598.html Language policymaking has always attracted the attention of governments worldwide, and public acceptance of these policies remains a fundamental challenge. Adopting a qualitative and descriptive approach within an interpretive paradigm, this study seeks to describe and analyze the reactions of the Persian-speaking community on social media (particularly the X platform) regarding the “Standard Language” news segment and the agency of its reporter Utilizing Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and thematic analysis, the research examined users’ digital footprints. From a large volume of extracted data, a purposive sample of 400 cases was selected and analyzed using Cochran’s formula. The findings indicate the emergence of seven key themes. On one hand, the reporter is symbolized as a guardian of the Persian language, with his linguistic activism being highly praised. However, a significant portion of reactions is devoted to meme-making and satirizing his persona, which paradoxically facilitated the viral spread of the message. Furthermore, major intellectual confrontations were observed, including exposing the national media’s double standards in commercials, contradictions regarding Arabic versus English vocabulary, and critiques of extreme linguistic nationalism. Conversely, instances of behavioral modeling and social self-monitoring among users were also evident. This study concludes that while the media intervention successfully revived linguistic sensitivity and fostered endogenous norm-making in the virtual space, digital actors have actively reinterpreted it. By employing tools such as humor and structural criticism, users translated a top-down, official language policy into an interactive instrument for expressing broader cultural, political, and institutional concerns. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737600.html Over the past years, the IRIB has produced programs with the aim of preserving, teaching, and promoting the standard Persian language. The evaluation of these programs is the main objective of this qualitative research, which was concluded through in-depth interviews with language and media experts. According to experts, the programs produced, while effective, also have some disadvantages. Most interviewees emphasized the repetitiveness, one-dimensionality, and similarity of the programs, and listed the lack of a specific language strategy, temporary nature, haste in production, and inattention to the audience as among their most important disadvantages. Experts believed that in order to produce desirable programs, in addition to precise language and media policy-making and planning, it is necessary to attract academic colleagues and experts in various scientific fields (including literary scholars, linguists, media experts, and media education experts), taking into account the diverse range of media audiences and allocating an appropriate budget, to strive to produce excellent and sustainable programs. Also, with the aim of attracting maximum benefit, these programs can be republished through various platforms in cyberspace. Attention to media and interactive appeals and being two-way will be other reasons for the success and desirability of the programs. It seems that an ideal educational and promotional program for the standard language should be continuous, exemplary, interactive, entertaining, internalizing linguistic norms, justice-oriented, measurable, multimedia, and flexible to changes. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737601.html This study aims to conduct a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of three editing approaches in Persian texts: human editing, automatic editing relying on existing proofing tools, and intelligent editing based on generative artificial intelligence. Methodologically, this research is qualitative in nature and adopts an exploratory approach. In this regard, the identified errors and the corrections made by all three agents were examined across technical, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and content-related domains, and the strengths and weaknesses of each were identified. The evaluation criteria included accuracy in error detection, correctness of the suggested corrections, fluency of the proposed text, and adherence to content structure. Three texts from different domains (practical, Islamic sciences, and modern sciences) were selected as sample texts to assess the performance of these three methods across various linguistic and thematic contexts. The findings indicate that automatic editing performs relatively accurately in detecting formal errors and spacing issues but is ineffective in addressing morphological, syntactic, and semantic errors as well as correcting incorrect expressions. Intelligent editing proves more successful in text fluency improvement, sentence shortening, punctuation, and paragraphing; however, it makes errors in understanding specialized contexts and accurately identifying technical terms. Provided that human editing is carried out properly, it constitutes the most accurate and reliable model for correcting complex errors, understanding the semantic layers of the text, and adhering to the orthographic and stylistic norms of the Persian language. However, given the challenges associated with human editing, it is recommended to employ http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737602.html In any society attention is given to healthcare, which is considered as a sign of development.Planning in this area should be carried out based on scientific and practical criteria. Healthcare communication is one of the dimensions of the health issue that deals with public information and awareness.The evolution in communications, which today is mainly based on digital communications, has changed the process of healthcare communication and awareness using health messages and is available through news websites or social networks. In this study, we examine health-oriented messages during the one-year period of 2019 to 2020 of the Corona pandemic in two sources of information dissemination, news websites and social networks, and to analyze the emotional and semantic aspects of Corona-related two-word phrases. This analysis is based on a quantitative and qualitative study of linguistic data as evidence. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a linguistic corpus from news websites and social networks during the mentioned time period. After collecting and normalizing the data and selecting health messages related to the coronavirus disease, high-frequency coronavirus bigrams are extracted to conduct a statistical and linguistic analysis of the data. Healthcare messages should be published in a language that can overcome the negative sense of the message in order to establish effective communication with hope and positive feeling with the audience. Also, these messages should be expressed in simple and non-specialized language that can communicate with the audience. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737603.html Disinformation has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges within digital media and social networking environments. While a substantial body of research has addressed fake news and disinformation from, communicative, and technological perspectives, the role of language in the production, legitimization, and effectiveness of disinformation has received comparatively limited systematic attention. This article conceptualizes disinformation as a linguistic and discursive phenomenon and examines its operation through the combined lens of language-based approaches and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). First, the article clarifies key conceptual distinctions between disinformation, misinformation, and fake news, emphasizing the importance of intentionality and discursive organization. It then provides a critical review of international and Persian-language scholarship, identifying four major research strands: macro-level non-linguistic approaches, computational and data-driven studies, language-based analyses, and critical discourse-analytic research. Building on this review, the article proposes a theoretical framework that integrates language-based analysis with CDA to overcome the limitations of each approach in isolation. Drawing on the language-based framework developed in The Language of Fake News and a secondary analysis of a well-documented case study, the article demonstrates how linguistic features such as information density, certainty marking, and source attribution contribute to the construction of credibility in disinformation texts. These findings are reinterpreted within a CDA perspective to show how linguistic choices are embedded in broader relations of power, ideology, and media authority. The article concludes by outlining methodological limitations and proposing directions for future research, emphasizing the need for empirically grounded, language-sensitive studies of disinformation in Persian media contexts. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_737604.html This study aims to identify and prioritize effective strategies for disseminating natural disaster information via Telegram and Instagram. Given the widespread use of these two social platforms in Iran and their pivotal role in rapid information flow, the research seeks to provide practical solutions and an applicable framework to enhance the effectiveness of crisis communication. This study employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assign weights and prioritize criteria for crisis communication, enabling responsible organizations to enhance their crisis information management by building public trust and increasing audience engagement. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in crisis management and media (including academics, policymakers, and executive managers) using purposive sampling. The data were then analyzed using AHP as a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. Findings revealed that the most critical success factors, in order of importance, are credible and accurate content, speed of dissemination, continuous trust-building, and active two-way interaction with audiences. AHP results assigned the highest weight to source credibility, followed by dissemination speed and interactivity. The proposed strategy emphasizes producing credible, concise, multimedia content (images, videos, infographics) and rapid, well-timed publication. This approach can significantly enhance audience trust, participation, and message effectiveness. The study offers a localized, practical framework for Iranian crisis management organizations to optimally leverage Telegram and Instagram, thereby effectively mitigating the adverse impacts of natural disasters. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738012.html Think tanks, as intermediaries between specialized knowledge and decision-making structures, play an increasingly significant role in the processes of diplomacy and foreign policy. However, the degree of their influence on diplomacy depends on institutional structure, level of independence, resources, communication (media) networks, and their ability to access decision-making processes and diplomatic negotiations. Adopting an institutionalist approach, this research conducts a comparative analysis of the performance and operational influence of four selected think tanks, Brookings and Carnegie (US) versus Sharif Governance Institute and the Center for Political and International Studies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, on diplomacy through media. The qualitative methodology uses comparative case studies, document analysis, examination of research outputs, and tracing influence on diplomatic negotiations and decision-making. Findings indicate structural and institutional differences produce distinct patterns of media and policy influence. US think tanks' influence lies not in 'knowledge production' but in three key elements: institutional independence, revolving-door networking with the diplomatic apparatus (the 'revolving door' phenomenon), and an aggressive media strategy. Iranian think tanks, despite scientific capacity and formal roles, pursue a largely indirect and more limited pattern of influence due to institutional and media constraints. Without presuming the inherent superiority of any one model, this research emphasizes the need to understand different institutional contexts and to rethink Iranian think tanks' communication strategies. It insists that without reforming institutional frameworks and creating intermediary channels (such as media) between think tanks and the diplomatic structure, expecting increased influence on diplomacy and public opinion would be unrealistic. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738013.html The present study investigates how Iran is represented in Azerbaijani television networks by analyzing a selection of news reports broadcast on two prominent channels, AZTV and Khazar TV. The research employs critical discourse analysis based on Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The findings indicate that the representation of Iran in the analyzed samples is negative, constructed through four main discourses: securitization, identity-ethnic, geopolitical-developmental, and ineffectiveness. Sub-discourses also operate within these primary frameworks. According to the analyzed samples, Azerbaijani television networks, despite shared geographical borders and longstanding historical and cultural ties with Iran, seek to construct their neighbor as a “proximate other”. This discursive othering is employed within the framework of Azerbaijan’s policies to influence audience perception and marginalize Iran—a process that can legitimize Azerbaijan’s approaches and policies toward its southern neighbor. The article emphasizes that despite certain differences and discursive and media tensions between the two countries, Azerbaijan and Iran must prioritize maintaining and strengthening peaceful and stable relations given their deep and extensive commonalities and mutual strategic and economic interests. In this regard, the media of both countries should play an effective role in fostering an atmosphere of mutual trust by highlighting shared interests, bilateral benefits, and the achievements resulting from their cooperation. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738156.html Cinema, as a significant arena for the representation of and reflection on social relations, plays a role in shaping the lived experiences of individuals and families. In Iranian cinema of the 2010s (the 1390s), the family has become a focal point for displaying tensions, conflicts, and critical situations in many social narratives. This study aims to analyze how social pathologies of the family are represented in seven selected Iranian films from this decade. Using qualitative content analysis, the data were analyzed based on a theoretical framework integrating Anthony Giddens’ concept of “pure relationship,” the conflict approach of Thomas and Znaniecki, and feminist theories of violence. The findings indicate that the representation of family social pathologies in the studied films is primarily formulated through four recurring patterns: communicational crises and concealment in family relationships; control and restriction of individual agency within the family; marital conflict and the erosion of familial support; and structural, economic, and social pressures affecting family instability. At the narrative level, these patterns are highlighted through signs such as silence and communicational ambiguity, interference in individual decisions, restriction of autonomy, and normative pressure from others. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the films under study represent the family as a multi-layered network of communicational, normative, and structural factors. It is emphasized that the findings of this research pertain to the mode of representation of family social pathologies within the text of the studied films; generalizing these findings to the social http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738157.html Despite several decades of program production experience, the knowledge-sharing process in television program production remains vague and inefficient. The present study aimed to pathology the knowledge-sharing process in television program production. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experienced managers, researchers, and producers involved in television program production and were subsequently analyzed. The findings indicated that the barriers to knowledge sharing can be classified into three main categories: cultural, organizational, and technological. In-depth analysis revealed that these three categories of barriers operate in a networked, interactive, and self-reinforcing manner. Cultural barriers create the conditions for organizational deficiencies and resistance to technology; structural weaknesses limit investment in and the application of knowledge-related technologies; and technological shortcomings slow down organizational learning and hinder cultural and structural reforms. Drawing upon Nonaka and Takeuchi Knowledge Spiral, the present study conceptualizes this network as disruptions in the knowledge creation cycle and proposes an integrative conceptual model illustrating the three-dimensional interactions. Based on the findings, practical recommendations are offered across cultural, organizational, and technological levels. The simultaneous implementation of these strategies can transform the existing vicious cycle into a virtuous one http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738158.html In recent years, the intensification of regional and international military threats has exposed the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB)—particularly its Political Affairs Deputy, which plays a central role in managing public opinion—to significant organizational vulnerabilities. This study seeks to develop a framework for enhancing the organizational resilience of the Political Affairs Deputy in confronting crises resulting from military conflicts, with the aim of ensuring organizational continuity and effective public opinion management during crises. The research is conducted within an interpretive paradigm using a qualitative approach based on thematic analysis. Data were collected through 17 semi-structured interviews with experts in management, journalism, crisis management, and news production, selected via purposive and snowball sampling. Data analysis was carried out using MAXQDA software, leading to the identification of 99 themes. The findings suggest that organizational resilience in the Political Affairs Deputy requires a dynamic, multidimensional, and multi-level approach. In addition to strengthening human and technological resources, resilience depends on enhanced intra-organizational coordination and effective interaction with external stakeholders. The proposed framework operates across four levels—individual, newsroom, organizational, and extra-organizational—and is structured around three stages of crisis management: preparedness and prevention, response, and recovery and learning. The key innovation of this study lies in integrating crisis management stages with operational levels of organizational resilience. The study concludes that improving resilience in the Political Affairs Deputy of IRIB requires moving beyond a survival-oriented perspective toward an approach centered on transformation and organizational learning, particularly in the context of complex military crises. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738159.html Persian-language satellite television networks challenge international communication by securitizing the image of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Through narrative construction, selective agenda-setting, and security-oriented framing, these networks construct threat-centered representations to influence public opinion. To counter this narrative warfare and preserve media authority, Iran’s national media requires an effective action model. Consequently, this study aims to develop a strategic action model for national media to confront this securitization. The research employs a qualitative approach using Grounded Theory methodology based on the Strauss and Corbin model. Data collection involved in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, including media managers, news specialists, and university scholars, selected via purposive and theoretical sampling until saturation. To ensure trustworthiness, the study utilized data triangulation by incorporating national media policy documents and official reports. Data analysis was executed through open, axial, and selective coding. The analysis yielded a comprehensive paradigmatic model explaining how causal, contextual, and intervening conditions interact with media strategies. The most critical actions identified for the national media include: Narrative reconfiguration and structural agility; Strengthening media competitiveness; Establishing rapid response mechanisms; Developing robust fact-checking systems. Ultimately, implementing this model can successfully reduce the influence of rival securitizing narratives, rebuild audience trust, and significantly strengthen the communicative authority of the national media. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738251.html IRIB provincial radio and television networks are effective institutions in Maintaining and promoting the local languages and cultures. Mazandarani language, as one of the main languages spoken in northern Iran, is being used in Mazandaran provincial TV and Radio network as well as Persian, as the Iranian standard language. However, the usage of the local language has been quite challenging due to several factors one of which is the negative language attitude towards the local language among IRIB Mazandarani audience. The present research aims at finding practical solutions regarding this challenge using qualitative survey methods and purposive sampling. According to the findings, providing information about the importance of Mazandarani language by mass media and the main cultural and educational institutions such as Organization of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism and Ministry of Education are effective measures to face the challenge. As the interviewees suggest, educating IRIB program makers about the importance of the local language and the individual and social advantages of bilingualism, using Mazandarani language in high-level official and serious programs and making programs directly aimed at providing information about the significance of Mazandarani language are among the main practical steps local media can take to confront the negative language attitude towards the local language among IRIB Mazandarani audience. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738259.html Objective: This study aims to design an appropriate crowdfunding model based on an open innovation approach for the University of Tehran OTT Internet Television Platform, taking into account its capabilities and constraints. Method: In terms of purpose, this research is applied, and in terms of methodology, it adopts a qualitative approach conducted in two phases. In the first phase, approximately 40 successful domestic and international crowdsourcing platforms and innovative projects were identified. By comparing their shared features and key characteristics, the initial categories of the crowdsourcing model were extracted. In the second phase, using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 experts and managers of the University of Tehran OTT Internet Television Platform. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Finally, considering the platform’s capabilities and limitations, an appropriate crowdfunding model was developed. Findings: The extracted crowdsourcing model for the University of Tehran OTT Internet Television Platform comprises six main components: external community, platform, university team, production process, final product, and community interaction and loyalty. The application of this model as a collaborative and innovative crowdsourcing ecosystem can facilitate collective financial resource mobilization and enable active audience participation in content creation. Conclusion: By presenting a comprehensive framework, this study contributes to the development of the literature on crowdsourcing models in innovative media and academic projects. It also provides practical strategies for policymakers and managers to enhance financial sustainability and foster active audience engagement in such initiatives. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738586.html Problem and Objective: The transformation of news consumption patterns in the digital age and the changing expectations of an active audience have posed a serious challenge for mainstream media, including IRIB, in attracting audiences and maintaining social impact. This research aims to design an operational model for applying Solutions and Constructive Journalism in IRIB's news system to enhance the quality, appeal, and social impact of its news. Research Method: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and a mixed-methods research design. In the first phase, a documentary and library study method was used to examine the theoretical foundations and global experiences of the two journalism styles, leading to the development of a coherent conceptual framework. In the second phase, data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 12 academic and executive media experts and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The research findings were presented in the form of a five-pronged operational model, including: 1. Changing the editorial paradigm and production process, 2. Training and capacity building of human resources, 3. Designing special formats and programs, 4. Representing practical examples, and 5. Monitoring, evaluation, and institutionalization. Results: The results indicate that transitioning to Constructive and Solutions Journalism is a necessary structural-cultural transformation for IRIB to successfully fulfill its social responsibility and compete in the media landscape. This transformation can lead to increased audience trust, strengthened civic participation, and social resilience. The success of this transition requires managerial will, phased planning, and overcoming the identified institutional obstacles http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738707.html In the present era, news media have gone beyond information tools and have become the main players in the war of narratives and soft power. The present study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the representation of the 12-day war between Iran and Israel on two news networks: Iran International and the Islamic Republic of Iran News Network. The research method is qualitative and based on narrative content analysis. The data were collected through the online archives of the two networks' nightly news and reports during the 12-day war and analyzed in the form of a coding form. The findings showed that Iran International Network presented a narrative of "Israeli authority and Iranian weakness" using functional and symbolic codes and highlighted Iran's vulnerability through words and images with negative connotations. In contrast, the Islamic Republic of Iran News Network, relying on cultural and semantic codes, represented the war in the form of "legitimate resistance and Iranian defensive response" and emphasized internal authority and solidarity using religious and national symbols and keywords. The results show that both networks, despite their ideological differences, have used similar techniques such as hermeneutic and action codes to create suspense and attract the audience. This action indicates the decisive role of the media in directing public opinion and legitimizing their desired narratives. Accordingly, a comparative study of news narratives can be an effective tool for identifying media bias and promoting media literacy in the face of the war of narratives. http://cr.iribresearch.ir/article_738708.html National media, as one of the most important cultural and educational institutions in the country, plays a significant role alongside the formal education system in teaching and institutionalizing religious concepts among students. However, the expansion of digital media, changes in media consumption patterns, and the cognitive transformations of the new generation have highlighted the need to reconsider approaches to religious education. This study aimed to design a model for teaching religious concepts to students through national media. In terms of purpose, the study was applied, and in terms of approach, it employed a qualitative methodology based on the systematic grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin. The research participants consisted of 13 experts in the fields of religious studies, communication sciences, education, media, and educational sciences, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. The findings revealed that the proposed model consists of six main categories: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, outcomes, and consequences. The major causal conditions included strengthening students’ religious identity, responding to their educational and developmental needs, and creating synergy between formal education and media-based learning. The main strategies emphasized student-centered content production, indirect and narrative-based education, the use of interactive media formats, enhancement of media literacy, and strengthening family and school participation. Implementing these strategies can lead to improved student learning and engagement, increased effectiveness of religious programs, and ultimately the reinforcement of students’ religious identity, cultural capital, and social responsibility.