کارشناس ارشد ارتباطات، پژوهشگر سازمان صداوسیما، مشهد
چکیده
خشونت پدیده‌ای خطرناک و در عین حال بسیار شایع در عصر حاضر است. با توجه به اهمیت تلویزیون به عنوان رسانه‌ای با قابلیت‌های متعدد و بسیار پرمخاطب در این مقاله تأثیر برنامه‌های حاوی خشونت تلویزیون بر جامعه امریکا بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، خشونت بی‌رویه‌ای که از طریق برنامه‌های تلویزیونی مختلف به مردم، بویژه کودکان و نوجوانان عرضه می‌شود، اثرات نامطلوب فراوانی بر آنان به جای می‌گذارد. این اثرات افزایش خشونت‌طلبی، بروز رفتارهای خشن، حساسیت‌زدایی کودکان و بزرگسالان نسبت به مسائل خشونت‌آمیز و حتی مواردی مانند عصبانیت و اختلال در خواب را شامل می‌شود. به نظر می‌رسد که میان خشونت رسانه‌ای (تلویزیونی) و خشونت واقعی، در جامعه امریکا همبستگی وجود دارد.
Relationship between Actual Violence and the
Violence in the United States' TV Programs;
Litrature Review
نویسندگان [English]
Mehdi Rashkiyani
چکیده [English]
Violence is a widespread dangerous phenomenon at the present time. Given the significant position attached to television as a medium with much audience and multiple potentials, the present article examines the effects of violent TV programs on the American community. The findings show that the excessive violence exposed to individuals, particularly children and adolescents, via TV programs has unpleasant impacts on them. The negative effects include violence-seeking, violent behaviors, desensitivization of children and adults to the violence-related issues, and even cases such as anger, sleep-related disorders. It seems that medium-related
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
The United States, TV, violence, TV Violence, Media
مراجع
اعزازی، شهلا. (1372). خانواده و تلویزیون. تهران: مرندیز.
ببران، صدیقه. (1383). سواد رسانه‌ای در برخورد با خشونت رسانه‌ای. ماهنامه همشهری دیپلماتیک، شماره 23، مهرماه 1383.
کازنو، ژان. (1364). قدرت تلویزیون. ترجمه علی اسدی، تهران: امیرکبیر.
کازنو، ژان. (1372). جامعه‌شناسی وسایل ارتباط جمعی. ترجمه باقر ساروخانی و منوچهر محسنی، تهران: اطلاعات.
Barkas, M. (1999). The Evaluation of Human Intra sexual Competition: Tactics of Male Attraction. Journal of personality and social psychology.
Berg, G, & Breank. G. (1993). Effects of Television Viewing on Family Interactions: An Observational Study. Family Relations, 29, 2, Apr, 216 -220.
Blummer, H. (1978). The coming of post-industrial society: A venture in social forecasting: Basic Books.
Bumeister, F. (1999). The self in social psychology. New York: Library of congress cataloging- in- publication data.
Burke, J. (1991).Communication in the middle Ages. In D. Crowley and P. Heyer (eds), Communication in History. White plans: Longman.
Cooper, A. (1998). Sexually compulsive behavior. Contemporary Sexuality, 32 (4).
Cooper, A. (1999). Sexuality on the Television: From sexual exploration to pathological expression. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30 (2).
Clark, T, Greenberg, E. (2001). Intimate Exchanges: Using Televisions to Elicit Self-disclosure from Consumers. Journal of Consumer Research.
Davis, R.A. (2001). A Cognitive Behavioral Model of Pathological Television Use, paris: Television in human Behavior.
Freedman, K. (1999). Levels of Depression and Addiction Underlying Pathological Television use. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the eastern psychological association, Washingtown. DC, April 11.
Greenberg, W. (1980). Sex, economy, freedom, and community in television: New York.
Greenberg, E. (1999). Factors influencing the effect of medium of communication upon preferences for television,conversations and persons. Communications Studies Group: London.
Gerbner, J. & Gras, J. (1986). Computing and organizations: What we know and what we don't know. Communication of the ACM: Annenberg university Gerbner, J. (1986). The survey of Television viewers and impact: Annenberg University.
Gilpin, M.F. (1987). The Blind Men and the Elephant: Selective Examination of the Public- Private Literature Gives Rise to Faulty Perception. Journal of Personality, 55, 525 - 41.
Heningan, M.H. (1982). Television addiction, What is it? Special Report, Mental Health Computing. Psychiatric Ties, XV (8), August, 32.
Housman, D.G. (1991). Social psychology: 6th edition. MacGraw-Hill college.
Janson, L. (1990). The Desired Image of the Child, university of Coulombia, VOL. 74, No 3, April 1990, P 146.
Lefkowitz, M. (1971) .The television galaxy: Reflections on the TV, business, and society. (Oxford. Oxford University press), 2.
Kitayama, S. (1997). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224 - 253.
Philips, J. & Ellerman, E. (1984). Introduction to Psychological Aspects of Television Use. In: J. Gackenbach (ed), Psychology and the Television. New York: Academic Press.
Stern. D.W. (1991). Childhood Abuse and Family Sexual Attitudes in Sexually Compulsive Males, A comparison of three clinical groups. New York: American Journal of preventive Psychiatry and Neurology.
Stern, D.W. (1999). Sexual addiction as an adaptive response to post- traumatic stress disorder in the African American community. in: Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity.
Short, J. (1996). The Social psychology of television, London: Wiley.
Young, K. (1991). Television Addiction: Symptoms, Evaluation, and Treatment. In: L VandeCreek.
ابتدای صفحه